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A game larder, also sometimes known as a deer or venison larder, deer, venison or game house, game pantry or game store, is a small domestic outbuilding where the carcasses of game, including deer, game birds, hares and rabbits, are hung to mature in a cool environment.〔(Sine Project: Term Definitions: Game Larder ) (accessed 22 March 2015)〕〔(Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: RCAHMS Thesauri ) (accessed 22 March 2015)〕〔 A feature of large country houses in Britain and parts of northern Europe from the 18th century, game larders continue to be used by shooting estates. ==18th–20th centuries== A separate building for storing game during the maturation process improves ventilation, while reducing the odour problem.〔 Most large country houses in Britain had a game larder,〔Bryson B. ''At Home: A Short History of Private Life'' (Random House; 2010), p. 143〕 and numerous examples built between the early 18th and early 20th centuries survive.〔A search of the National Heritage List for England on 22 March 2015 for monument category "game larder" gave 162 English examples.〕 The structure also existed in other European countries where hunting or shooting game was popular, including Germany and Austria–Hungary.〔Bunting M. ''The Plot: A Biography of an English Acre'', ch. 8 (Granta; 2010)〕 Game larders were usually situated near the kitchen.〔 The usual English design is single storey, sometimes octagonal, and usually of brick or stone construction; ventilation is provided by louvred roof lanterns and louvred or mesh-covered unglazed windows.〔〔 Some game larders had separate rooms for small and large game.〔 A stone or slate floor helped to cool the room. By the early 20th century, refrigeration via cooling pipes was employed.〔 Game larders were sometimes combined with other outbuildings, especially ice houses, as for example at Elvaston Castle in Derbyshire and Raith Park in Fife. In central Europe, ice houses were themselves sometimes used for storing deer carcasses.〔Buxbaum T. "Commercial Icehouses" in ''Icehouses'' (Shire Publications; 2014) (ISBN 9780747813002)〕 John Claudius Loudon describes a small game larder in 1842: Rails or beams were used to support deer on hooks, with roof-suspended racks, sometimes on pulleys, for small game.〔〔Sambrook P. ''A Country House at Work: Three Centuries of Dunham Massey'' (National Trust Books; 2006), p. 43〕 Shelves, possibly of marble, were also used.〔Binney R. ''Wise Words and Country House Ways'' (David & Charles: 2012), ch. 2〕 Another necessary fixture described by Victorian architect Robert Kerr is a dresser topped with slate or marble for meat preparation.〔Kerr R. ''The Gentleman's House; or, How To Plan English Residences, from the Parsonage to the Palace'' (Murray; 1865), p. 217〕 A relatively early example is the game larder at Farnborough Hall, Warwickshire, which dates from around 1750 and is thought to be by Sanderson Miller; the hexagonal rendered-brick structure has a loggia with Tuscan columns and is surmounted with a wooden cupola.〔(Historic England: The game larder ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕〔Meir J (1997) ( Sanderson Miller and the landscaping of Wroxton Abbey, Farnborough Hall and Honington Hall ). ''Garden History'' 25: 81–106 〕 An example of an unornamented square game larder stands at Studley Park in Yorkshire; built in limestone, it dates from the late 18th century.〔(Historic England: Game larder approximately 50 metres south-east of Lindrick Gate ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕 The square stone game larder at Rydal Hall in Cumbria has a timber upper storey reached by an external staircase.〔(Historic England: Game larder in grounds of Rydal Hall ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕 Although most extant game larders are built in stone or brick, some timber examples have survived. Examples include the structures at Brodsworth Hall, Yorkshire, Audley End House, Essex, and the Bird Game Larder at Ardverikie House, Badenoch and Strathspey.〔(Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland: Ardverikie House: Bird Game Larder ) (accessed 22 March 2015)〕 In addition to their practical purpose, game larders on great estates often served a decorative function, and could be highly ornate in their design.〔Hobson JCJ. ''A Practical Guide To Modern Gamekeeping'' (Hachette; 2012), ch. 11〕 The game larder at Uppark in Sussex, designed by Humphry Repton, has a floor decorated with deer vertebrae, and has been described as "a mannered grotesque advertisement for the pleasures of the chase and the table awaiting arriving guests."〔Macarthur J. ''The Picturesque: Architecture, Disgust and Other Irregularities'', p. 83 (Routledge; 2007) (ISBN 978-1844720118)〕 Dating from around 1810, the rectangular flint-faced building has an octagonal timber portion.〔〔(Historic England: The game larder at Up Park to the north west of the old laundry and kitchen block, Compton Road ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕 The game larder at Combermere Abbey in Cheshire, which also dates from the early 19th century and is thought to be by the Irish Morrison family, has decorative windows in the Gothic style. The octagonal red-brick structure is capped with a timber roof lantern.〔(Historic England: Game larder to the centre of the service court at Combermere Abbey ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕〔Hartwell C, Hyde M, Hubbard E, Pevsner N. ''The Buildings of England: Cheshire'' (2nd edn) (Yale University Press; 2011), pp. 294–5 (ISBN 978 0 300 17043 6)〕 The game larder at Abbotsford House in Selkirkshire, built by John Smith of Darnick in 1851, takes the form of a circular castle, with crenellations.〔(Historic Scotland: Abbotsford including house, walled gardens and courtyards, conservatory, bothies, game larder, ice house, terraces, gate lodge, boundary walls, gardener's cottage, stable block, garden statuary and all other ancillary structures ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕 The circular interior of the game larder at Holkham Hall in Norfolk is lined with alabaster; designed by Samuel Wyatt, the octagonal building dates from 1803.〔(Historic England: Game larder immediately east of orangery at Holkham Hall ) (accessed 24 March 2015)〕〔Martins SW. ''Coke of Norfolk (1754-1842): A Biography'', p. 52 (Boydell & Brewer; 2010)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「game larder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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